Howdy Sara!!!
I'm so glad you decided to try this "fill the frame" challenge too! And I'm tickled that you decided now was a good time to jump to manual as well. I know it's tricky and it may take a while before you feel truly comfortable, but the more you do it, the easier it will get. I promise!
So let's get into some CC ....
1. Suzanne has already mentioned that he's pretty centered. And usually, we try to shy away from that. But your shot here shows that, when you "fill the frame" with your subject like this that other composition rules like lining up prominent features on the 1/3 lines you can break other rules. Your little guy and his adorable eyes are the focus of the shot. I really love how you have used the truck to provide a clean white background. With a little tweaking in your post processing this could be a very successful "high key" image. I also think you did a nice job of using directional light here and think this image would be a good candidate for converting to black and white (like the rule of thirds, we'll be visiting conversions a bit later).
2. I love this moment you caught here. your boy playing w/ his car next to the big car is a super cute idea. Looks to me like focus fell mainly on his hand and the truck. And there's nothing wrong with that, but I find myself wishing his face was in better focus. This can be done in two ways - you could either set your focal point on his face specifically or you can close down your aperture so that you have a deeper field of depth. You have your aperture set to f/5.0. You might try closing that down to f/8.0. It looks to me like you got down nice and low - on his level - for this shot and that is the perfect angle, imho. I almost suggested a portrait crop rather than landscape, but really, I like how you have used the car behind him to set the tone of the photo and you might lose that in a portrait crop. I think the one thing I would try is to move him further to the left in the frame. And if that is not possible, then you might try a portrait crop.
3. I think, more than anyone else so far (myself included) you really used this distance well. And this shows that while there are some really great rules/suggestions for compositions, there are ALWAYS exceptions! You have used the truck behind your son so well in each of these shots - though in each shot, you have used it differently. Great job! Focus is off in this one. It seems to me that the focus fell on the truck (on the running boards) and not on your DS. Like in #2, I would really like to see your DS more to the left in the frame. And again, if that is not possible (due to space limitations, etc) then you might think about trying a portrait crop at this distance.
These settings look pretty good for outside. Was it cloudy out? Normally when you are outside, especially on bright sunny days, you won't need an ISO that high. In fact, when outside, I usually sick to either an ISO of 100 or 200. But if it's cloudy, you might need the higher ISO like you have here. To lessen the impact of the background, the easiest fix is to open your aperture more. You have all of these shots at f/5.0. If you could open up to 3.0 or more (2.8 perhaps) then the background would be nicely blurred and would help your son to stand out more from his surroundings. Another way to achieve this would be move him further away from the background - in this case further from the truck.
Candids, especially in and around the home, are hard to get w/out the clutter of background "stuff." For me, I find this when I go out to shoot pictures at my son's soccer games. All of the parents have to sit on particular sides and I am limited where I can go to catch the action, so there is almost always something cluttering the shot (other parents, trash cans, etc). I try to really fill the frame with my son when that is the case so that there just isn't room for competing elements. Opening up your aperture will also help since that will blur everything else.
As for using these same settings inside, I think you would have to make a few adjustments. First, you would need to raise your ISO a good bit. You were at ISO 400 outside, so I would suggest bumping up to 600 or better inside. You'll also have to open your aperture a good deal more inside. I would say probably f/3.2 or more.
If you want a "suggestion" for where to place your settings, put your camera in auto and take a shot and then look to see where it set the camera. In time, you will have a better feel for where to start.
Also, we are going to cover understanding your light meter soon - once everyone is back on a dSLR - so hang in there for now and know we'll be coming back to it soon.
Thanks for sharing1 I really love how you used the environment to set the tone of these photos! And I really look forward to what you show next!
Best,
GiGi
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